How Many Valence Electrons An Aluminium Have

SCIENCE / November 24, 2023 / admin / 1

How Many Valence Electrons An Aluminium Have

Aluminium have three valence electrons. Valence electrons are the electrons that are found on the outermost shell of an atom. The electronic configuration of aluminium is 1S² 2S² 2P⁶ 3S² SP¹. So therefore, aluminium has three valence electrons which is located in the 3rd shell. Let me further give detail information on Aluminium.

What is Aluminium(Al)

Aluminium is the most abundant metal and the third most plentiful element in the earth’s crust . It occurs abundantly as trioxosilicates (IV) in rocks and clays.

Aluminium is extracted by the electrolysis of solution of aluminium oxide in molten cryolite. The pure aluminium oxide is obtained from the bauxite.

Physical properties of Aluminium

1. It has a moderate tensile strength.
2. It is ductile and malleable i.e. it can be made into foil, wire and sheets.
3. It has a melting point of 660°c and boiling point of 2450°c.
4. It is a silvery- white metal.
5. It is a good conductor of heat and electricity.

Chemical properties of Aluminium

1. Reaction with alkali: Aluminium dissolves in both sodium and potassium hydroxide to form a soluble aluminate(III), with the evolution of hydrogen gas. 2Al_(S) + 2NaOH_(aq) + 6H₂O_(l) → 2NaAl(OH)_4(aq) + 3H_2(g) . Thus, washing soda is never used to clean aluminium containers.
2. Reaction with air: When a piece of aluminium sheet is exposed to moist air, it acquires a thin, continuous coating of aluminium oxide, which prevents further attack of the metal by atmospheric oxygen, water or steam under normal conditions. Aluminium is therefore, said to be corrosion free. The aluminium metal burns in air at a high temperature of about 800°c to form the oxide and nitride. 4Al_(s) + 3O_2(g) → 2Al₂O_3(s).
3. Reaction with acids: Aluminium reacts slowly with dilute hydrochloric acid, and react more rapidly with the concentrated acid to displace hydrogen. 2Al(s) + 6HCL_(aq)→ 2Alcl_3(aq) + 3H_2(g).
4. Reaction with non-metals: On heating, aluminium combines directly with the nitrogen, sulphur, halogens, phosphorus and carbon with the evolution of heat. 2AI_(s) + N_2(g) → 2AIN_{(s) ,}  2AI_(s) + 3Cl_2(g) → 2AlCl_3(s).

Uses of Aluminium

1. Aluminium is used in making alloys such as duralumin (Al, Cu, Mg, Mn), aluminium bronze (Cu, Al) and magnalium (Al, Mg) which are stronger and harder than pure aluminium but retain its properties of lightness and resistance to corrosion.
2. Aluminium is used in making cooking utensils because it is cheap, light and good conductor of heat.
3. Aluminium powder suspended in oil is used in paints and mirrors because of its high relativity.
4. Aluminium is used in making overhead electric cables because it is light and has good electrical conductivity.
5. Aluminium powder is used in the thermite process for welding together broken metallic parts of machines and equipment.
6. Aluminium foils are used for packaging some stuff.

Frequently asked questions:

How Many Valence Electrons Does Oxygen Have

Oxygen has 6 valence electrons. It has 8 electrons and 8 protons in its  atomic structure and its electronic configuration is 1S² 2S² 2P⁴.

How Many Valence Electrons Does Nitrogen Have

Nitrogen has 5 valence electrons with electronic configuration of 1S² 2S² 2P³. Nitrogen play a very important roles in many aspects of our life.

How Many Valence Electrons Does Silicon has

Silicon has 4 valence electrons. It has 14 protons in its nucleus and its electronic configuration is 1S² 2S² 2P⁶ 3S² SP². Its properties makes it a very important materials in the electronics, construction and manufacturing industry.

Valence electrons is the outermost shell electron of an atom that can form a chemical bond with another atom. An atom can achieve a stable electron shell either by gaining, loosing or sharing. For example, Aluminium which has a three valence electron in its outermost shell will undergo a process known as ionization to loose those three electrons and this process transforms it into a positively charged ion(Al³⁺) . Thus, making it to achieve a stable electronic configuration.

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